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Scientists believe they may have uncovered a key reason why obese people have a raised risk of health complications such as type 2 diabetes. They blame a specific protein called pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which is secreted by fat cells.

Research on mice suggests blocking some of PEDF's action may reverse some complications.

Because PEDF is produced by fat cells, people who are overweight have higher levels of the protein in the bloodstream. The protein sends a signal to other tissues in the body, triggering development of insulin resistance in the muscles and liver.

Raised PEDF levels were also linked to a release of fats into the bloodstream, raising the risk of complications such as heart disease.